<Articles>On the word “Rus'” in “the Tale of the Raid of Igor”

ヘンリク・パスケヴィチが、『イーゴリ遠征物語』の真正性の問題を歴史的に取扱い、単に用語面からの解明ではその決定的証拠をなし得ないとしているのは正しいが、十－＋三世紀における広い意味での「ルーシ」とい言葉はただ宗教的な意味のみを持つとしているのはうなづけない。当時、その言葉は宗教的のみならず、政治的・国家的意味を多分持つていたと思われるからである。しかし、彼が「物語」の著者はそれが書かれたとされる十二世紀当時。全く知れなかつた意味をその言葉に与え、また作品が種々の説明し難い点を含んでいるとして、それを偽作としているのは正当である。すなわち、「物語」では「ルーシ」という言葉は、宗教的および民族的、つまり政治的・国家的でなく、国民的意味を持つているが、この二つの用法は互に矛盾し、また民族的用法は十二世紀の史料に見られない用法であるから、「物語」が十二世紀のものであることは極めて疑わしい。Henryk Paszkiewicz is right when, treating the problem concerning the authenticity of "the Tale of the Raid of Igor" from a historical side, he says that the mere linguistic analysis of a work is not a decisive proof to answer such a question. But we cannot agree with him when he asserts that in the period reaching from the 10th to the 13th century the word "Rus'" in its broad sense had only religious meaning. For, in that period the word had not only the religious, but also perhaps the state, political-national meaning. In spite of such a shortcoming, he is quite right when he insists that the Tale is apocryphal because the author of the poem endows the word with a meaning unknown in the 12th century, to which the work is supposed to belong, and because in the Tale the anomalies are really too numerous. Namely, in that Tale we find that the word "Rus'" has two meanings : one is religious, the other is national----not political-national, but ethnical-national. Since such uses contradict one another and are anomalous, and since the ethnical-national use is not to be found in any of the historical sources in the 12th century, so I also am inclined to assert that the Tale was not written in that century